Diabetes is a multisystemic disease that requires carrying out prevention and control measures to minimize complications that may arise in different parts of the organism.Diabetic Macular ANDdema (ANDMD) is a pathology that arises as a result of diabetes because of the appearance of an inflammatory process of the macula.We talk with prof.José Mª Ruiz Moreno, Head of the Ophthalmology Service (Puerta de Hierro -Mojadahonda University Hospital), Professor of Ophthalmology (Universidad Castilla La Mancha - UCLM) and president of the Retina Plus Foundation.
Is the person with diabetes aware of ocular health problems that can cause your disease?
People with type 1 diabetes are usually more aware of their disease.In general, they have been diagnosed since young people and have become aware of the necessary care to prevent complications.On the other hand, patients with type 2 give less relevance to their pathology and the consequences that can lead to them, such as eye problems.This implies that it is necessary to raise awareness so that they do not fade their diabetes and do not develop other health problems.Above all, taking into account that many already present them at the time of diagnosis.
What signs should we be attentive?
7.6% of patients with diabetes in the world have diabetic macular edema1, a usual view of view in people with diabetes that can produce loss of vision if they are not properly taken care of.The problem is that people with ANDMD have symptoms gradually and at first there are no easily detectable external signs, which makes it more difficult to identify a visual health problem.As the disease progresses and in advanced states, the symptoms are already more striking: blurred vision, perception "faded or faded" of colors and image distortion.Sometimes, these symptoms are detected when performing some activity in which patients run into difficulties, such as watching television or reading a book.23
How is the diabetic macular edema process?
In the ANDMD the increase in blood glucose brings damage to the blood vessels of the retina.These blood vessels are fine and with some special peculiarities, being able to be easily affected by a bad control of glucose levels, which can lead to injuries to the macula, the part of the retina responsible for the vision being clear.In fact, the injuries suffered by the macula are the long -term causes of irreversible blindness that the ANDMD produces in people.It is estimated that, after 15 years with diabetes, two out of every hundred patients remain blind, and ten out of every hundred suffer a serious deterioration of vision.²
The blindness caused by an ANDMD is irreversible, can it be prevented?
The lost vision due to the damage appeared in the retina cannot be recovered and can end up in what is known as irreversible blindness.However, it can be avoided in the vast majority of cases.For this, early detection and early approach are necessary.To achieve this, it is essential.And it is that health education allows patients to be aware of their illness and the monitoring measures that must be carried out.In this way, conditioning people will be aware of the importance of carrying their blood glucose levels, as well as the rest of organs and functions that can be affected because of the disease.23
@Microsoftstore Hi Microsoft!I’M Having Issue with Windows 10 Updates.It took a Lot of Space of My Drive.I dont ... https: // t.CO/Ryic0dytty
— p p p p p Thu Mar 18 03:32:26 +0000 2021
How often should we make reviews?
Periodic reviews must be annual from the age of 40, although in the case of the patient with diabetes.Those people with diabetes must go to the ophthalmologist more frequently and from an earlier age.Specifically, from the moment of diagnosis of diabetes it is advisable to make a first visit to the ophthalmologist in type 2 and five years of diagnosis in type 1.²
It is estimated that, after 15 years with diabetes, two out of every hundred patients remain blind, and ten out of every hundred suffer a serious deterioration of vision
José Mª Ruiz MorenoWhat is the current situation of the person with diabetes that ANDMD has after the break produced in health care following the Covid-19 pandemic?
Ophthalmology services are the seconds with the greatest saturation in Spain.This situation has been aggravated with pandemic, delaying consultations and, consequently, diagnoses and treatments.The interruption of the ANDMD treatment implies that the disease will continue to develop and, therefore, people with diabetes will suffer irreversible vision damage.It is important to note that patients who were in treatment retake their visits to the ophthalmologist and do not abandon the same.
How can the attention and quality of life of these people improve?
In this sense, I believe that we must seek as much efficiency as possible, since it will allow a better service to the patient and at the same time counteract the saturation of ophthalmology services.Reviews in primary care and their rapid derivation to ophthalmology before the first symptoms will stop the evolution of the disease and preserve the patient's quality of life.In addition, it is advisable.These are practices that guarantee a fully adapted and safe space to avoid entry into the operating.
That is, in a single visit to the ophthalmologist the patient achieves comprehensive assistance, which will reduce subsequent medical visits, while reducing work absenteeism and their level of anxiety.Another very important aspect is telemedicine diagnosis with non -midriatic retinographers and recently the incorporation of artificial intelligence into the diagnosis.But remember that the first step is to become aware of ocular health problems associated with diabetes and go to periodic control reviews and adherence to treatment to stop the disease from the first moment.
References
1.IDF (International Diabetes Federation) - The Diabetic Retinopathy Barometer Report: Global Findings (www.DRBAROMANDTANDR.com)2.J.AND. Muñoz de ANDscalona-Rojas, A.QUEREDA-HASEDÑA, O..García-García.Diabetic retinopathy update for Primary Care Physicians: Towards an improvement of telematics medicine.Semergen. 2016;42(3):172---1763.J.Andonegui and l.Jiménez Lasanta. ANDdema Macular Diabético.An.Sist.Sanit.Navar.2008 vol.31.Supplement 3
ANDS-ABBV-211675